Champlevé

Le champlevé is an ancient and refined technique of metal decoration, which has its origins in the medieval art of enamelling. Used mainly in luxury jewellery, this method involves engraving or hollowing out cavities in a metal surface, usually in copperbronze, silver or gold. These cavities are then filled with coloured vitreous enamel before being fired at high temperature to produce a smooth, long-lasting finish. This technique makes it possible to create unique and highly detailed jewellery, appreciated for its beauty and complexity.

Origins and history of champlevé

Le champlevé is rooted in medieval European art, particularly during the Romanesque and Gothic periods. Craftsmen of this period used this technique to decorate religious objects such as crosses, reliquaries and manuscript illuminations. The term "champlevé" is of French origin and literally means "high field", in reference to the cavities dug out which are then filled with enamel. This method spread throughout Europe, particularly in France, Germany and Spain, where it reached its apogee between the 12th and 14th centuries.

The creation process

The creation of a jewel in champlevé is a meticulous process that requires great precision and technical expertise. Here are the main stages:

• Engraving or digging : The first step is to engrave or hollow out patterns in the metal surface using chisels or engraving tools. These cavities can be of various shapes, depending on the desired design.
• Enamel filling : The cavities are then filled with enamel, a coloured glass powder. The craftsman can use enamels of different colours to create complex, multi-coloured patterns.
• Cooking : The object is then fired in a high-temperature kiln, usually between 700 and 900 degrees Celsius. This stage allows the enamel to melt and bond with the metal surface, creating a smooth, shiny finish.
• Polishing : After firing, the object is polished to remove any excess glaze and to obtain an even, shiny surface.

Modern applications

Today, the technique of champlevé is still used by luxury jewellers to create unique and precious pieces. It is particularly popular for watches, bracelets, rings and pendants. Champlevé creations are often considered works of art because of the complexity and skill required to create them. They are also very durable, with the enamel offering extra protection to the underlying metal.

Frequently asked questions about champlevé

What is the difference between champlevé and cloisonné?

Le champlevé involves engraving or hollowing out cavities directly in the base metal, while the partitioned uses metal wires welded to the surface to create compartments which are then filled with enamel. The two techniques produce different results in terms of texture and complexity of pattern.

Which metals are most commonly used for champlevé?

The most commonly used metals for champlevé are copper, bronze, silver and gold. These metals provide a good base for engraving and excellent adhesion for enamelling.

Is champlevé sustainable?

Yes, jewellery and decorative objects made from champlevé are extremely durable. Vitreous enamel is scratch and impact resistant, and also protects the underlying metal from corrosion and wear.

How do I care for a piece of champlevé jewellery?

To care for a piece of champlevéWe recommend cleaning it gently with a soft cloth and lukewarm water. Avoid harsh chemicals and abrasive cleaners, which could damage the enamel. Professional cleaning is also recommended from time to time to maintain the jewel's beauty and brilliance.